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Brief Life History of John[412] SPOTTISWOOD, SPOTTISWOODE, SPOTISWOOD, or SPOTSWOOD, JOHN (1565–1639), archbishop of St. Andrews and Scots historian, the eldest son of John Spottiswood (1510–1585) [q. v.], by his wife Beatrix, daughter of Patrick Crighton of Lugton, was born in 1565. He studied at the university of Glasgow under James and Andrew Melville, taking his M.A. degree in 1581; and in 1583, at the age of eighteen, he succeeded his father in the charge at Calder. Although he states that his father before he died had come to see the evils of ‘parity’ in the church, he appears himself for many years afterwards to have sided with the stricter presbyterian party. Thus when, in 1586, the king endeavoured to get the sentence against Patrick Adamson annulled, Spottiswood was one of those who refused to agree to the proposal (Calderwood, History, iv. 383). Calderwood also states that in a fight in the High Street of Edinburgh between the followers of the master of Graham and those of Sir James Sandilands, Spottiswood ‘played the part manfully that day in defence of Sir James’ (ib. v. 361). It was by supporting the policy of the stricter presbyterians that he gradually came into prominence as an ecclesiastical leader. In 1596 he was named one of a commission for the visitation of the south-western districts of Scotland (ib. p. 420); in 1597 he revised the apology of Robert Bruce and other recalcitrant ministers, and, according to Calderwood, appeared ‘to be so fracke [i.e. diligent] in their cause that he would needs give it a sharper edge’ (ib. p. 560); and in 1598 he was appointed by the commissioners to treat with Bruce as to his admission to his charge (ib. p. 721). But as the relations between kirk and king became more strained, he veered more decidedly towards the king. In 1600 he acted as clerk of those chosen for ‘the king´s side,’ in the conference regarding the representation of the kirk in parliament by bishops (ib. vi. 3). Although also nominated by the assembly in 1601 to wait upon the Earl of Angus—accused of papal leanings—‘to confirm him in the truth,’ so little was he a bigoted partisan that when in July of the same year he accompanied the Duke of Lennox to France, he did not ‘scruple to go in to see a mass celebrated, and to go so near that it behoved him to discover his head and kneel’ (ib. p. 136). He remained abroad with Lennox for two years, and on his way home through England was presented at the court of Elizabeth.
On the succession of James to the English crown in 1603, Spottiswood accompanied him on the journey to London; but, the death of Archbishop Beaton having occurred soon after, he was nominated by the king to the vacant see, and sent back to Scotland to attend the queen on her journey south (Spottiswood, History, iii. 140). From the time that he became king of England, James was delivered from the bondage which from his infancy the kirk had strenuously endeavoured to impose on him, and he now resolved to make the most of his liberty. His chief aim now was to assimilate the church of Scotland to that of England, and especially to annihilate the pretensions of the ministers to dictate to the nation in regard to civil matters. In carrying out this policy the king, when dealing with the kirk, mainly made use of Spottiswood, and Spottiswood performed his difficult duties with great discretion. On 30 May 1605 he was admitted a member of the Scottish privy council (Reg. P. C. Scotl. vii. 52). In connection with the affairs of the kirk he paid frequent visits to London, and he made good use of his opportunities to place the revenues of his see on a satisfactory footing. During his journeys he had frequent interviews with his old professor, James Melville, then confined at Newcastle, but failed to effect any change in his attitude; and referring to his death in 1608, he characteristically describes him as ‘a man of good learning, sober, and modest, but so addicted to the courses of Andrew Melvill his uncle as by following him he lost the king favour, which once he enjoyed in a good measure, and so made himself and his labours unprofitable to the church’ (Spottiswood, History, iii. 190). The latter part of the sentence contains the sum and substance of Spottiswood´s own ecclesiastical creed; he was an Erastian of the strictest type, and in ecclesiastical matters acted simply as the king´s servant. In 1610 he was moderator of the assembly at which presbytery was abolished, and on 21 Oct. of the same year he and two other Scottish bishops were at the special desire of the king consecrated to the episcopal office by the bishops of London, Ely, and Bath (ib. pp. 208–9). On 15 Nov. he was also named one of the commissioners of the exchequer known as the new Octavians (Reg. P. C. Scotl. x. 85). On the death of Archbishop Gledstanes in 1615, he was on 31 May translated to the see of St. Andrews. Shortly after his consecration the two courts of high commission for the trial of ecclesiastical offences were united. In June of the following year George Gordon, sixth earl and first marquis of Huntly [q. v.], was summoned before this commission for adhesion to popery, and, on refusing to subscribe the confession of faith, he was for a time warded in the castle of Edinburgh. By warrant of King James he was, however, freed from prison and sent to London, where he was absolved by the archbishop of Canterbury, and received the communion at Lambeth (Calderwood, vii. 218). On 12 July Spottiswood, in a sermon in St. Giles´s Church, endeavoured to quiet the excitement of the Scottish kirk at this seeming usurpation of its disciplinary prerogatives by asserting that the king had promised that ‘the like should not fall out hereafter’ (ib. p. 219); but naturally he also resented the slight put upon himself, and wrote a remonstrance to the king, which drew from the king the explanation that all had been done ‘with due acknowledgment of the independent authority of the church of Scotland,’ in testimony of which the archbishop of Canterbury had agreed that his remonstrances should be put on record. The archbishop moreover wrote a private letter to Spottiswood giving a full explanation of his procedure, and stating that, as Huntley had expressed his willingness to communicate when and where the king pleased, it was deemed advisable to give him an opportunity of making good his promise (Ecclesiastical Letters in the Bannatyne Club, pp. 477–8).At the opening of parliament during the king´s visit to Scotland in 1617, Spottiswood, in his sermon, took occasion to praise ‘the king for his great zeal and care to settle the estate of the kirk, and exhorted the estates to hold hand to him’ (Calderwood, vii. 250); and although, along with the other prelates, he opposed the enactment that ‘whatever his majesty should determine in external government of the church with the advice of archbishops, bishops, and a competent number of the ministry, should have the force of law,’ he appears to have induced the king to forego the measure only by undertaking that the special ceremonial reforms which he wished to introduce would receive the imprimatur of the general assembly of the kirk. At that assembly, held at Perth in August 1618, Spottiswood placed himself in the moderator´s chair, and, on the ground that the assembly was ‘convened within the bounds of his charge,’ took upon him the office of moderator without election (ib. p. 307). He had thus an opportunity in the opening sermon of expounding the proposals of the king, of explaining his own attitude towards them, and of using all his powers of persuasion—which were great—on their behalf. With real or affected candour—and in any case with admirable tact—he admitted that in yielding to the wishes of the king he was in a sense acting against his own better judgment; and that had it been in his ‘power to have dissuaded or declined them,’ he most certainly would. He, however, argued that ‘in things indifferent we must always esteem that to be the best and most seemly which appears so in the eye of public authority’ (Sermon quoted in ‘Life of the Author,’ prefixed to Spottiswoode Society´s edition of his History, p. xci), and that the evil which might here result from ‘innovation’ was not so great as that which might result from ‘disobedience’ (ib. p. xc; see also Calderwood, vii. 311). The appeal was entirely successful.The five articles, thenceforth known as the Five Articles of Perth, ordained (1) that the communion must be taken kneeling; (2) that in case of sickness communion might be administered privately; (3) that baptism should, under similar circumstances, be administered in the same way; (4) that children should be brought to the bishop for a blessing; and (5) that festival days should be revived. On 25 Oct. the articles were sanctioned by an act of the privy council, and on the 26th the king´s proclamation ratifying and confirming them was published at the cross of Edinburgh. And now that they were sanctioned, Spottiswood was determined that they should not remain a dead letter. Preaching in the great church (St. Giles) of Edinburgh, 14 May 1619, before the officers of state, he exhorted councillors and magistrates not only to set a good example to the people by complying with the articles, but to compel them to obey (ib. p. 355). At a diocesan synod held at Edinburgh on 26 Oct. he also threatened the utmost penalties against those ministers who refused to conform to the new articles (ib. p. 395). Nevertheless a conference of bishops and ministers held at his instance at St. Andrews on 23 Nov. to arrange for their enforcement practically failed of its purpose (ib. pp. 397–408); and when at a diocesan synod held at St. Andrews on 25 April 1620 a proposal was made to censure those who had not conformed, the majority left the meeting (ib. p. 442). Ultimately in June 1621 the articles were ratified by parliament. When the commissioner stood up to perform the act of ratification, a terrific thunders
SpouseArchbishop John SpottiswoodeMale1567–1639Rachel LindsayFemale1568–1609Marriageabout 1586Spottiswood, Berwickshire, ScotlandChildren (10)
- Beatrix SpottiswoodFemale1587–Deceased - Janet SpottiswoodFemale1588–1624 - Mary SpottiswoodFemale1589–Deceased - Richard SpottiswoodMale1592–Deceased - Sir John SpottiswoodeMale1595–1677 - Sir Robert Spotiswoode, Lord Newabbey of New Abbey and DunipaceMale1596–1646 - Anne SpottiswoodFemale1597–1660 - Rachel SpotiswoodFemale1600–Deceased - James SpottiswoodeMale1603–Deceased - Sir Henry SpottiswoodeMale1609–1649 SpouseArchbishop John SpottiswoodeMale1567–1639Rachel Ramsey LindsayFemale1570–1639Marriage12 October 1589Children (3)
John SpottiswoodeMale1590–1650Sir Robert Spotiswoode, Lord Newabbey of New Abbey and DunipaceMale1596–1646Anne SpottiswoodeFemaleDeceased Parents - John (Archbishop of Glasgow) SpottiswoodMale1510–1585 - Beatrix CrichtonFemale1543–1600
Siblings (6)Margaret ArmourFemale1561–DeceasedJohn Spottiswoode II Archbishop StandrewsMale1565–1639Archbishop John SpottiswoodeMale1567–1639James SpottiswoodMale1567–DeceasedAnna SpottiswoodeFemale1569–DeceasedJudith SpottiswoodFemale1573–Deceased
Jean Spottiswoode was born in 1648, in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom as the daughter of Sir Henry Spottiswoode. She married Sir James Sinclair 18th Baron of Roslin on 25 September 1668, in Clackmannanshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 2 daughters. She died in 1676, in her hometown, at the age of 28.SpouseSir James Sinclair 18th Baron of RoslinMale1644–1682Jean SpottiswoodeFemale1648–1676Marriage25 September 1668Clackmannanshire, Scotland, United KingdomChildren (5)Lady Helen SinclairFemale1669–1699James SinclairMale1672–1772Alexander SinclairMale1672–1706Anna SinclairFemale1674–1683Thomas SinclairMale1676–1732ParentsSir Henry SpottiswoodeMale1609–1649Siblings (6)Richard SpottiswoodMale1634–DeceasedJames Spottiswood IMale1635–1636John SpottiswoodMale1638–DeceasedHenry SpottiswoodMale1640–DeceasedJames Spottiswood IIMale1642–1683Jean SpottiswoodeFemale1648–1676
When Sir Henry Spottiswoode was born about 1609, in Scotland, his father, Archbishop John Spottiswoode, was 43 and his mother, Rachel Lindsay, was 43. He had at least 5 sons and 1 daughter. He died about 1649, in London, England, at the age of 42.When John (Archbishop of Glasgow) Spottiswood was born in 1510, in London, England, United Kingdom, his father, William of Spottiswood, was 33 and his mother, Elizabeth Hoppringle, was 25. He married Beatrix Crichton about 1560, in Scotland, United Kingdom. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 3 daughters. He died on 5 December 1585, in Westminster, Middlesex, England, at the age of 75, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London, England, United Kingdom.
When Sir James Sinclair 18th Baron of Roslin was born in 1644, in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, Sir, William Sinclair V, was 35 and his mother, Margaret Sinclair, was 25. He married Jean Spottiswoode on 25 September 1668, in Clackmannanshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 2 daughters. He died on 10 January 1682, in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, at the age of 38.
SpouseSir James Sinclair 18th Baron of RoslinMale1644–1682Jean SpottiswoodeFemale1648–1676
Marriage25 September 1668Clackmannanshire, Scotland, United KingdomChildren (5)Lady Helen SinclairFemale1669–1699James SinclairMale1672–1772Alexander SinclairMale1672–1706Anna SinclairFemale1674–1683Thomas SinclairMale1676–1732ParentsSir, William Sinclair VMale1610–1684Margaret SinclairFemale1620–1650Siblings (4)Sir James Sinclair 18th Baron of RoslinMale1644–1682William Sinclair VIMale1646–DeceasedJohn SinclairMale1650–DeceasedJohn SinclairMale1664–1692
When Sir, William Sinclair V was born about 1610, in Mey, Caithness, Scotland, his father, Sir, William Sinclair IV, was 26 and his mother, Beatrix Sutherland, was 22. He married Margaret Sinclair on 4 October 1643, in Mey, Caithness, Scotland. They were the parents of at least 4 sons. He died on 21 March 1684, in his hometown, at the age of 75.
SpouseSir, William Sinclair VMale1610–1684Margaret SinclairFemale1620–1650
Marriage4 October 1643Mey, Caithness, Scotland
Children (4)
- Sir James Sinclair 18th Baron of RoslinMale1644–1682 - William Sinclair VIMale1646–Deceased - John SinclairMale1650–DeceasedJohn SinclairMale1664–1692
ParentsSir, William Sinclair IVMale1586–1660Beatrix SutherlandFemale1590–DeceasedSiblings (1)Sir, William Sinclair VMale1610–1684
geni.comWilliam Sinclair, 4th Lord Sinclair Birthdate: circa 1489Birthplace: Caithnesshire ScottlandDeath: after July 17, 1570 ScotlandImmediate Family: Son of Henry Sinclair, 3rd Lord Sinclair and Margaret HepburnHusband of Agnes Manotta Bruce and Elizabeth KeithFather of - Edward Sinclair of Halcro; - Hugh Sinclair of Halcro; - George Sinclair; - Magnus Sinclair of Kynninmonth; - Mary Sinclair and 4 others
Brother of Elene Sinclair; Henry Sinclair; Catherine Sinclair; Helen Sinclair, Baroness Ogilvy of Airlie; Agnes Sinclair, Countess of Bothwell; and Janet Sinclair
When Gen. Sir Oliver Sinclair or St Clair de Pitcairnis was born in 1498, in Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, his father, Sir Oliver Sinclair of Roslin, was 39 and his mother, Margaret Borthwick, was 35. He had at least 1 son and 2 daughters with Beatrix Rollo. He died after 1546, in his hometown. Spouse - Gen. Sir Oliver Sinclair or St Clair de PitcairnisMale1498–1546 - Katherine BellentyneFemale–1578
Children (5)Margaret SinclairFemale1529–1558Isobel SinclairFemale1532–DeceasedOliver SinclairMale1539–DeceasedAlison SinclairFemale1541–DeceasedIsabella de Strathearn SinclairFemale1553–1634SpouseGen. Sir Oliver Sinclair or St Clair de PitcairnisMale1498–1546Beatrix RolloFemale1508–DeceasedChildren (3)Children (3)Isobel SinclairFemale1532–DeceasedOliver SinclairMale1539–DeceasedJanet SinclairFemaleDeceasedParentsSir Oliver Sinclair of RoslinMale1460–1509Margaret BorthwickFemale1464–1520Siblings (6)George Sinclair 12th Baron of RoslinMale1482–1510Henry Sinclair Bishop of RossMale1485–1565Sir William I Sinclair 13th Baron of RoslinMale1490–1540Margaret Sinclair-SmithFemale1490–1583John Sinclair Bishop of BrechinMale1493–1566Gen. Sir Oliver Sinclair or St Clair de PitcairnisMale1498–1546
Freqüentemente acreditamos piamente que pensamos com nossa própria cabeça, quando isso é praticamente impossível. As corrêntes culturais são tantas e o poder delas tão imenso, que você geralmente está repetindo alguma coisa que você ouviu, só que você não lembra onde ouviu, então você pensa que essa ideia é sua.
A famosa frase sobre Titanic, “Nem Deus pode afundar esse navio”, atribuída ao capitão do transatlântico, é amplamente conhecida e frequentemente associada ao tripulante e a história de criação, no entanto, muitos podem se surpreender ao saber que essa citação nunca existiu. Diversos historiadores e especialistas afirmam que essa declaração é apenas uma lenda que surgiu ao longo do tempo, carecendo de evidências concretas para comprová-la. [29787]
Existem inúmeras correntes de poder atuando sobre nós. O exercício de inteligência exige perfurar essa camada do poder para você entender quais os poderes que se exercem sobre você, e como você "deslizar" no meio deles.
Isso se torna difícil porque, apesar de disponível, as pessoas, em geral, não meditam sobre a origem das suas ideias, elas absorvem do meio cultural, e conforme tem um sentimento de concordância e discordância, absorvem ou jogam fora.
meditam sobre a origem das suas ideias, elas absorvem do meio cultural, e conforme tem um sentimento de concordância e discordância, absorvem ou jogam fora.Mas quando você pergunta "qual é a origem dessa ideia? De onde você tirou essa sua ideia?" Em 99% dos casos pessoas respondem justificando a ideia, argumentando em favor da ideia.Aí eu digo assim "mas eu não procurei, não perguntei o fundamento, não perguntei a razão, eu perguntei a origem." E a origem já as pessoas não sabem. E se você não sabe a origem das suas ideias, você não sabe qual o poder que se exerceu sobre você e colocou essas idéias dentro de você.
Então esse rastreamento, quase que biográfico dos seus pensamentos, se tornaum elemento fundamental da formação da consciência.
Desde 17 de agosto de 2017 o site BrasilBook se dedicado em registrar e organizar eventos históricos e informações relevantes referentes ao Brasil, apresentando-as de forma robusta, num formato leve, dinâmico, ampliando o panorama do Brasil ao longo do tempo.
Até o momento a base de dados possui 30.439 registros atualizados frequentemente, sendo um repositório confiável de fatos, datas, nomes, cidades e temas culturais e sociais, funcionando como um calendário histórico escolar ou de pesquisa.
Fernando Henrique Cardoso recupera a memória das mais influentes personalidades da história do país.
Uma das principais obras do barão chama-se "Efemérides Brasileiras". Foi publicada parcialmente em 1891 e mostra o serviço de um artesão. Ele colecionou os acontecimentos de cada dia da nossa história e enquanto viveu atualizou o manuscrito. Vejamos o que aconteceu no dia 8 de julho. Diz ele: 1. Em 1691 o padre Samuel Fritz, missionário da província castelhana dos Omáguas, regressa a sua missão, depois de uma detenção de 22 meses na cidade de Belém do Pará (ver 11 de setembro de 1689). 2. Em 1706 o rei de Portugal mandou fechar uma tipografia que funcionava no Recife. 3. Em 1785 nasceu o pai do Duque de Caxias. 4. Em 1827 um tenente repeliu um ataque argentino na Ilha de São Sebastião. 5. Em 1869 o general Portinho obriga os paraguaios a abandonar o Piraporaru e atravessa esse rio. 6. Em 1875 falece no Rio Grande do Sul o doutor Manuel Pereira da Silva Ubatuba, a quem se deve a preparação do extractum carnis, que se tornou um dos primeiros artigos de exportação daquela parte do Brasil.
Ainda bem que o barão estava morto em 2014 julho que a Alemanha fez seus 7 a 1 contra o Brasil.
Ou seja, “história” serve tanto para fatos reais quanto para narrativas inventadas, dependendo do contexto.
A famosa frase sobre Titanic, “Nem Deus pode afundar esse navio”, atribuída ao capitão do transatlântico, é amplamente conhecida e frequentemente associada ao tripulante e a história de criação.No entanto, muitos podem se surpreender ao saber que essa citação nunca existiu. Diversos historiadores e especialistas afirmam que essa declaração é apenas uma lenda que surgiu ao longo do tempo, carecendo de evidências concretas para comprová-la.Apesar de ser um elemento icônico da história do Titanic, não existem registros oficiais ou documentados de que alguém tenha proferido essa frase durante a viagem fatídica do navio.Essa afirmação não aparece nos relatos dos passageiros, nas transcrições das comunicações oficiais ou nos depoimentos dos sobreviventes.
Para entender a História é necessário entender a origem das idéias a impactaram. A influência, ou impacto, de uma ideia está mais relacionada a estrutura profunda em que a foi gerada, do que com seu sentido explícito. A estrutura geralmente está além das intenções do autor (...) As vezes tomando um caminho totalmente imprevisto pelo autor.O efeito das idéias, que geralmente é incontestável, não e a História. Basta uma pequena imprecisão na estrutura ou erro na ideia para alterar o resultado esperado. O impacto das idéias na História não acompanha a História registrada, aquela que é passada de um para outro”.Salomão Jovino da Silva O que nós entendemos por História não é o que aconteceu, mas é o que os historiadores selecionaram e deram a conhecer na forma de livros.
Aluf Alba, arquivista:...Porque o documento, ele começa a ser memória já no seu nascimento, e os documentos que chegam no Arquivo Nacional fazem parte de um processo, político e técnico de escolhas. O que vai virar arquivo histórico, na verdade é um processo político de escolhas, daquilo que vai constituir um acervo que vai ser perene e que vai representar, de alguma forma a História daquela empresa, daquele grupo social e também do Brasil, como é o caso do Arquivo Nacional.
A história do Brasil dá a idéia de uma casa edificada na areia. É só uma pessoa encostar-se na parede, por mais reforçada que pareça, e lá vem abaixo toda a grampiola."
titanic A história do Brasil dá a idéia de uma casa edificada na areia. É só uma pessoa encostar-se na parede, por mais reforçada que pareça, e lá vem abaixo toda a grampiola."
(...) Quem já foi ministro das relações exteriores como eu trabalha numa mesa sobre a qual a um pequeno busto do barão. É como se ele continuasse lá vigiando seus sucessores.Ele enfrentou as questões de fronteiras com habilidade de um advogado e a erudição de um historiador. Ele ganhava nas arbitragens porque de longe o Brasil levava a melhor documentação. Durante o litígio com a Argentina fez com que se localiza-se o mapa de 1749, que mostrava que a documentação adversária estava simplesmente errada.Esse caso foi arbitrado pelo presidente Cleveland dos Estados Unidos e Rio Branco preparou a defesa do Brasil morando em uma pensão em Nova York. Conforme registrou passou quatro anos sem qualquer ida ao teatro ou a divertimento.Vitorioso nas questões de fronteiras tornou-se um herói nacional. Poderia desembarcar entre um Rio, coisa que Nabuco provavelmente faria. O barão ouviu a sentença da arbitragem em Washington e quieto tomou o navio de volta para Liverpool. Preferia viver com seus livros e achava-se um desajeitado para a função de ministro.
"Minha decisão foi baseada nas melhores informações disponíveis. Se existe alguma culpa ou falha ligada a esta tentativa, ela é apenas minha."Confie em mim, que nunca enganei a ninguém e nunca soube desamar a quem uma vez amei.“O homem é o que conhece. E ninguém pode amar aquilo que não conhece. Uma cidade é tanto melhor quanto mais amada e conhecida por seus governantes e pelo povo.” Rafael Greca de Macedo, ex-prefeito de Curitiba
Edmund Way Tealeeditar Moralmente, é tão condenável não querer saber se uma coisa é verdade ou não, desde que ela nos dê prazer, quanto não querer saber como conseguimos o dinheiro, desde que ele esteja na nossa mão.
